Links are to the web sites for Peter Ladefoged's books A Course in Phonetics and Vowels & Consonants unless otherwise indicated.
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Jump to:
- I. Consonant place and manner of articulation
- II. Additional manners of articulation
- III. Contrasts in VOT (aspiration, voicing)
- IV. Non-modal phonation types
- V. Consonants with non-pulmonic airstream mechanisms
- VI. Vowels
I. Consonant place and manner of articulation
- Illustrations of place of articulation, for familiar manner types
- Bilabial vs labiodental fricatives : Ewe
- Bilabial, linguo-labial, and alveolar sounds: V'enen Taut
- Lamino-dental, apico-alveolar, retroflex (apico-postalveolar), and lamino-postalveolar nasals (plus more): Wangurri (from the UCLA Phonetics Lab Data web site)
- Alveolar, alveolo-palatal, and retroflex fricatives: Polish and Chinese
- Dental, palatal, and velar fricatives: Greek
- Palatal and alveolar nasals, laterals: Italian -- Note: The sound transcribed [r] is a tap, not a trill
- Dental, alveolar, and velar laterals:
Mid-Waghi (from the UCLA Phonetics Lab Data web site)
- Uvular fricatives: French
- Voiceless velar and uvular stops: Quechua
- Nasals at 6 places of articulation: Malayalam
- Stops at 5 places of articulation: Sindhi
II. Additional manners of articulation
- Trills and taps/flaps
- Alveolar trill: Finnish (audio files from Travlang, a travel language site)
- Uvular trill: Southern Swedish
- Prenasalized bilabial and alveolar trills: Kele and Titan
- Alveolar~dental tap: Japanese examples are available on the "Colors" page from About.com's Japanese language site (flap is "spelled" with r in these examples)
- Alveolar "flap" (tap) in American English: See AmEng examples 'as good as' and 'it (woul)d do' on the "Strong and weak forms" chart
- Lateral fricatives and affricates
III. Contrasts in VOT (aspiration, voicing)
IV. Non-modal phonation types
- Breathy voice (murmur)
- Creaky voice (laryngealization; glottalization; vocal fry)
V. Consonants with non-pulmonic airstream mechanisms
- Ejectives (glottalic egressive airstream)
- Implosives (glottalic "ingressive" airstream)
- Clicks (velaric ingressive airstream)
VI. Vowels
- Front rounded vowels; central rounded and unrounded vowels: Swedish
- Back unrounded vowels: Vietnamese