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This chart displays the hiragana and katakana symbols, and shows how they can be romanized or transliterated using a slightly modified version of the kunrei system.
Remember that transliteration is a type of spelling system, which may not always correspond directly to linguistically motivated mental representations.
I. The "50 Sound" chart — basic kana syllabary
Hiragana is shown on the left, katakana on the right
| < a > | < i > | < u > | < e > | < o > | ||||
no onset; vowel only | あ | ア | い | イ | う | ウ | え | エ | お | オ | ||||
< k > onset | か | カ | き | キ | く | ク | け | ケ | こ | コ | ||||
< s > onset | さ | サ | し | シ | す | ス | せ | セ | そ | ソ | ||||
< t > onset | た | タ | ち | チ | つ | ツ | て | テ | と | ト | ||||
< n > onset | な | ナ | に | ニ | ぬ | ヌ | ね | ネ | の | ノ | ||||
< h > onset | は | ハ | ひ | ヒ | ふ | フ | へ | ヘ | ほ | ホ | ||||
< m > onset | ま | マ | み | ミ | む | ム | め | メ | も | モ | ||||
< y > onset | や | ヤ | ゆ | ユ | よ | ヨ | ||||||
< r > onset | ら | ラ | り | リ | る | ル | れ | レ | ろ | ロ | ||||
< w > onset | わ | ワ | (ゐ | ヰ) | (ゑ | ヱ) | (を | ヲ) | |||||
Special kana for "mora nasal" (< N >): |
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II. Hiragana from (I) with special uses
Kana | Compositional value | Special value |
は | < ha > | < wa > when used as 'topic' marker |
へ | < he > | < e > when used as locative |
を | (< wo > — no longer in use) | < o > when used as accusative case suffix |
III. Consonant-glide combinations
Pattern: | Use < Ci > kana plus small < ya yu yo > to make < Cya Cyu Cyo > |
Examples: | き < ki > + ゃ small < ya > —> きゃ < kya > (katakana キャ) |
に < ni > + ゅ small < yu > —> にゅ < nyu > (katakana ニュ) | |
ち < ti > + ょ small < yo > —> ちょ < tyo > (katakana チョ) |
IV. Kana with diacritics
Hiragana is shown on the left, katakana on the right
< a > | < i > | < u > | < e > | < o > | |
< g > onset | が | ガ | ぎ | ギ | ぐ | グ | げ | ゲ | ご | ゴ |
< z > onset | ざ | ザ | じ | ジ | ず | ズ | ぜ | ゼ | ぞ | ゾ |
< d > onset | だ | ダ | ぢ | ヂ | づ | ヅ | で | デ | ど | ド |
< b > onset | ば | バ | び | ビ | ぶ | ブ | べ | ベ | ぼ | ボ |
< p > onset | ぱ | パ | ぴ | ピ | ぷ | プ | ぺ | ペ | ぽ | ポ |