The larynx and phonation

I. Anatomy of the larynx

• Photos of a physical three-dimensional model of the larynx (Michael H. Mitchell, Tidewater Community College)
  • Anterior view
  • Posterior view
  • Lateral view
  • Close-up of arytenoid area

• Drawings of arytenoid cartilages and actions of laryngeal muscles (Wesley Norman; scroll down toward bottom of page)

II. The vocal folds in action

• Schematic cross-sectional diagram of the vocal folds during phonation (John Coleman, Oxford U.)

• Video of vocal-fold vibration, from the Voice and Swallowing Center of Maine (YouTube)

• Photos of open and vibrating vocal folds (Christopher Lemelin, Bucknell University)

III. Examples of different phonation types

• From the Experimental Phonetics Group, University of Stuttgart
  (By K. Marasek. Includes sound files, descriptions, and vocal-fold diagrams of various phonation types: modal voice, creaky voice, breathy voice; also shows whisper, harsh voice, and falsetto.)

• Examples of languages that use breathy and creaky phonation

IV. Information on how the larynx is examined and photographed

• From the Experimental Phonetics Group, University of Stuttgart (K. Marasek)